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This article aims to clarify the meaning of "renovation of religious discourse", specifically by defining the disciplines of this renovation and their importance in determining its meaning. The disciplines play a pivotal role in determining the nature, meaning, and possibilities of renovating religious discourse. To demonstrate this thesis, the article will first make some conceptual distinctions between 'discourse of religion' and 'religious discourse', between 'religion' and 'religiosity', between 'renovation in religious discourse' and 'renovation of religious discourse'. Secondly, it will make a distinction between internal and external disciplines. Internal disciplines lie within the religious text itself and in the hermeneutic circle between understanding parts of the text and understanding it as a whole, between understanding and pre-understanding, between the inside and the outside. In doing so, the paper focuses mainly on the role of the ruling political and economic powers and authorities. The paper concludes that renovating religious discourse is a political and institutional issue rather than a purely religious one related to individuals and that it is conditional on the state and its political system, the extent of its actual adoption of the concepts of 'the state of citizenship and law', democracy, and the extent to which it protects freedoms, differences, and pluralism.

Frontmatter --Table of Contents --Preface --1. Connecting Modernities --Part I Modernity as We Know It --2. Technology and the Texture of Modernity --3. Math and Modernity: Critical Reflections --4. Stranded Modernity --5. The (In)Compatibility of Islam with Modernity --6. The Missing Body --Part II Modernity under Fire --7. Criticism of "Colonial Modernity" through Kurdish Decolonial Approaches --8. Conflicting Modernities: Militarization and Islands --9. Project Modernity: From Anticolonialism to Decolonization --Part III In the Shadow of the Pandemic --10. Modernity and Decision-Making for Global Challenges --11. Public Health Confronts Modernity in the Shadow of the Pandemic --12. Human Identity and COVID-19 --Part IV Imagining New Global Frameworks --13. Environmentalism: A Challenge to Modernity --14. The Cognitive Immune System --15. Representative Democracy as Kitsch, and Artificial Intelligence's Promise of Emancipation --16. Subjectivation, Modernity, and Hypermodernity --17. Toward a New Global? --Index